Engineering Vengeful Effervescence: Lynching Rituals and Religious–Political Power in Pakistan

Muhammad Asif, Don Weenink, Peter Mascini, « Engineering Vengeful Effervescence: Lynching Rituals and Religious–Political Power in Pakistan » In The British Journal of Criminology, 2023.
https://doi.org/10.1093/bjc/azac106

Based on case studies of seven (attempted) lynchings in Pakistan, we argue that they can be considered lynching rituals, which are instrumental in a context of political strife. ‘Shrpsnd anasr’ (agitators) play an important role as ritual engineers; they assemble crowds by spreading rumours and vocalizing accusations, use rhythmic chanting and slogan repetition to generate a shared vengeful mood and focus the crowd’s attention on the (fabricated) encroachment of a moral imperative (notably blasphemy). We conclude that the vengeful effervescence generated in lynching rituals strengthens the clientelistic interdependency networks of religious–political leaders. The contribution of our study lies in demonstrating the importance of bodily practices in lynching rituals and their instrumental political value for both masses and political leaders.

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